The propagation of umbuzeiro ( Spondias tuberosa Arruda), a native fruit tree of growing importance for the Brazilian semi-arid region

Spondias tuberosa Arruda, commonly known as umbuzeiro, is a symbolic species native and endemic to the Brazilian Caatinga biome. It holds significant socioeconomic importance in Brazil’s semiarid region. The umbu fruit is consumed fresh and processed by small-scale agro-industries, providing income for family farmers in the Northeast. Although propagation is still predominantly carried out by seeds, vegetative propagation techniques such as cutting, grafting, and air layering have also been successfully explored. Furthermore, micropropagation has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional methods. Thus, this study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis followed by a systematic literature review on umbuzeiro propagation, presenting the current landscape and research trends on the topic. A total of 56 articles were included, covering various propagation techniques, advances in seedling production, and challenges in cultivating the species under different environmental conditions. The results reveal a growing interest in asexual propagation methods, particularly grafting and cutting. Seed technology research has also advanced in overcoming dormancy. However, significant gaps remain, especially in efficient rooting of cuttings, micropropagation, and field transplantation of seedlings. Addressing these challenges is essential to ensure the propagation, conservation, and sustainable use of umbuzeiro and to promote its integration into commercial production systems.