The benefits and challenges of selected learning strategies for learning outside the classroom (LOtC). A literature review

This review of research publications in the period 2019–2024 examines the learning strategies employed, the impact (benefits), and the challenges (difficulties) associated with the development and implementation of Learning Outside the Classroom (LOtC) in different contexts. A total of 65 peer-reviewed studies were identified through the ERIC database for inclusion in the review following PRISMA procedure. A range of strategies and challenges were identified (i.e. child-led approaches to experimentation, problem solving, peer collaboration and group cooperation, project-based learning, place-based curriculum, flipped learning, community-based learning). Advantages mentioned in the reviewed studies included support, development and consolidation of school learning, development of life skills, research skills, greater school satisfaction and engagement or better understanding of the world, among others. Finally, various challenges were grouped into psychological, social, geographical, material and political barriers for the full realization of LOtC. Findings were critiqued, and the term LOtC discussed.