Food and income contributions of root, tuber, and banana crops in South-Kivu, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Root, tuber, and banana (RTB) crops are key staples that support food and income security for smallholder farmers in South-Kivu, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This study explored the production, consumption, and trade dynamics of RTB crops in South-Kivu using a survey of 626 farming households, selected through random sampling across diverse agro-ecological zones (AEZs), and secondary data from the Provincial Inspectorate of Agriculture. Data analyses combined descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests, multivariate analyses, and spatial mapping. Our results indicate that approximately 2 million households in South-Kivu farm RTB crops, primarily using low external input and intercropping systems. The key RTB crops cultivated in the region include banana, cassava, yam, potato, sweet potato, and taro. Banana and cassava occupy the largest area and account for most production and consumption, while yam and taro provide the highest market and energy values. Productivity, economic and dietary contributions, and challenges associated with RTB crops vary considerably across AEZs. Overall, RTB crops play a pivotal role in farmers' livelihoods, especially during the lean season when other food sources are scarce. This paper discusses the importance of RTB crops in securing food and income, emphasizing the need for context-specific policies to maximize their potential in eastern DRC.