Drivers of organizational performance in the green supply chain: a two-step SEM-NCA approach

Digital transformation revolutionizes manufacturing by boosting efficiency, streamlining operations, reducing costs, and fostering innovations beyond traditional methods. This study examines how Explorative IT capability enhances organizational performance through Green Supply Chain Integration in the manufacturing sector under the lens of natural resource-based view (NRBV) theory and the Theory of Ambidexterity. In terms of statistical techniques, Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), fuzzy set qualitative analysis (fsQCA), and Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) were used to analyze the study's Linear and Non-linear relationships among hypothetical relationships of the data collected from 620 respondents of the Pakistani manufacturing industry. The findings revealed that Exploitative IT Capability positively contributes to enhancing organizational performance by targeting both operational and environmental factors, as well as the mediating role of green supply chain integration, including (green internal integration, green customer integration, and green supplier integration), with a potential moderator named Top Management Support. Active support for sustainability initiatives and IT resource allocation by managers enables firms to create innovative operational improvements. This research provides guidelines to help organizations improve performance, strengthen their brand, and comply with environmental regulations for sustainable practices over time.