Generative and responsible AI in triadic Virtual Exchanges for tourism education

While Generative AI is reshaping higher education, its role in tourism-focused Virtual Exchange remains underexplored. This study examines the impact of AI on student interaction, academic performance, and engagement in a pilot Virtual Exchange between universities in Spain and Ireland. Drawing on Conversation Theory, Virtual Exchange is conceptualized as a triadic process involving students and AI, moving from interaction to shared understanding and collaborative action. Using a mixed-methods approach with qualitative emphasis, the study explores how AI tools shaped the learning experience, highlighting both opportunities and challenges. Grounded in frameworks of women’s empowerment in tourism, internationalization of the curriculum, intercultural competence, and digital pedagogy, the findings deepen understanding of AI’s potential and limitations in Virtual Exchange contexts. The study also offers practical guidance for educators on developing AI literacy, promoting ethical awareness, and enhancing student collaboration in online international learning environments.