Computational Analysis on Thermal Transportation of Magnetohydrodynamic Cu−Al 2 O 3 /Water Hybrid Nanofluid Flow over a Linear Stretching Sheet with Suction Effect

The present study introduces the concept of hybrid nanofluids along with an improved formulation for estimating their thermophysical properties. As an advanced class of heat transfer media, hybrid nanofluids have gained attention for their ability to enhance thermal transport performance. In this investigation, a hybrid Cu−Al2O3/ water nanofluid and a conventional Cu/ water nanofluid is employed to analyze the influence of key governing parameters on radiative magnetohydrodynamic flow and heat transfer over a permeable stretching sheet. A suitable similarity transformation is employed to reduce the governing partial differential equations to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The resulting boundary value problem is then solved numerically using the shooting method in conjunction with a fourth-order Adams–Moulton scheme. The study includes both a table and graphical illustrations of the properties of Al2O3 and Cu nanofluids. These tabulated and plotted results highlight the physical significance of the analysis. The outcomes exhibit strong consistency with previously published scientific studies. The results demonstrate that the Cu−Al2O3/ water hybrid nanofluid achieves a markedly greater heat transfer rate than the Cu/ water nanofluid under magnetic field conditions. Thus, the results provide an accurate description of fluid flow processes in nuclear reactor cooling systems, polymer extrusion processes, electromagnetic pumps, astrophysical plasma flows, and magnetohydrodynamic generators.