An intuitionistic fuzzy group decision-making framework for optimal hybrid renewable microgrid site selection in remote India

Renewable energy sources play a significant role in decreasing dependence on fossil fuels and conserving non-renewable resources, particularly in remote regions where communication barriers and socio-economic challenges hinder sustainable development. However, selecting an optimal site for a hybrid renewable energy based microgrid system remains a significant challenge due to the involvement of multiple, often conflicting factors. To address this issue, this study proposes two integrated group decision-making models within an intuitionistic fuzzy (IF) framework to identify the optimal site for a hybrid renewable energy based microgrid system that supports remote area development in India. The hybrid system integrates four renewable energy sources: biomass, solar, wind, and hydro. Five potential sites are evaluated using thirty criteria, classified into four categories, with input from three expert professionals. Objective criteria weights are determined using IF-MEREC method, while subjective weights are obtained through IF-SIWEC method. To account for interdependencies among criteria, IF-DEMATEL method is employed. The combined weights are then applied in the two proposed MCDM methods, IF-RAM and IF-EDISA, to rank the alternatives. Results indicate that the fourth option is the most suitable site for implementing the hybrid microgrid system. The proposed framework provides a robust and adaptable tool for renewable energy planning and site selection, offering actionable managerial insights. Comparative and sensitivity analyses confirm the reliability and effectiveness of the approach and demonstrate its potential to support sustainable development in remote regions.