Cellulose-Based Laser-Induced Graphene: Progress and Prospects

Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is advantageous for researchers due to its simplicity. Recent developments enable the fabrication of LIG on eco-friendly substrates, providing new opportunities for the emergence of sustainable electronics that reduce environmental harm. This study summarizes recent advances in manufacturing procedures for LIG on cellulose substrates, including paper, nanocellulose, cellulose nanocrystals, and cellulose nanofibers. This review examines the performance of cellulose precursors, with a focus on their applications and characterization methods. This review categorizes its three major applications into supercapacitors, electrochemical sensors, and physical sensors. The key advantages and limitations of various cellulose substrates for these applications are compared to those of polymer-derived LIG. Cellulose-based LIG demonstrates the potential to rival or even surpass its synthetic counterparts, presenting a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative due to its biodegradability. This review also highlights the outstanding challenges that need to be addressed to advance these manufacturing processes further and explores future opportunities in the field.