Critical success factors (CSFs) for affordable PPP housing projects in Pakistan

It is a fundamental right of every human to have shelter, yet in developing countries like Pakistan, governments struggle to provide people with this necessity. It is widely reported that Pakistan faces a huge backlog in providing affordable housing. Therefore, during periods of severe economic strain, Public-Private Partnership (PPP) remains the sole viable option for the government to fulfill its responsibilities. This research aimed to identify the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) associated with affordable housing PPP projects in Pakistan. For this purpose, this study explored the existing CSFs related to PPP and affordable housing projects in the literature. Afterwards, a questionnaire survey was developed based on the identified CSFs to gather responses from PPP professionals in Pakistan. Exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the survey data. The results indicate that “Public sector responsibilities” including action against developers, well-developed local markets, public land assistance, shared authority, adequate funding, social support, and “Project Procurement and Control” consisting of competitive procurement, quality risks, project monitoring and control, feasibility, geotechnical conditions, partner selection, and clear agreement, are the CSFs of affordable housing PPP projects in Pakistan. This research would benefit policymakers and government officials by enhancing their understanding of the critical factors for project implementation in Pakistan.