Convergence of building information modelling with the last planner system for better performance of planning and scheduling in construction projects

The integration of Building Information Modelling (BIM) with the Last Planner System (LPS) is a viable strategy to enhance construction planning and scheduling. Notwithstanding their potential, there is a paucity of studies regarding their integration. Hence, this study examines the convergence of BIM and LPS to enhance construction planning and scheduling. The research employed a qualitative Delphi technique, involving three rounds of semi-structured expert interviews under a pragmatic philosophy. The data was analysed using code-based content analysis. Findings revealed five main phases of LPS, including Work Structure, which is integrated with Master Scheduling as a new phase. Findings further revealed suitable BIM technologies and tools for each validated phase, including BIM technologies, namely design and modelling, construction energy analysis, clash detection, construction scheduling, and augmented and virtual reality, as well as BIM tools including ArchiCAD, Tekla Structures, Navisworks, BIM 360, Primavera, Synchro PRO, and BIM 360 Field. The study further revealed barriers and strategies for BIM-LPS integration in construction planning and scheduling, identified in both phase-specific and generic contexts. Positioned as one of the first holistic investigations on BIM-LPS integration for better performance of construction planning and scheduling, this study contributes to addressing the multifaceted inefficiencies prevailing within the industry.