Benzoxazine-based innovations in shielding: enhancing durability and protection in electronics and clothing

Benzoxazine-based materials have attracted increasing attention for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding due to their excellent thermal stability, mechanical strength, low moisture absorption, and dimensional stability. This review presents a comprehensive overview of recent advances in benzoxazine-based nanocomposites for EMI shielding applications, with particular emphasis on the role of conductive and functional nanofillers, including multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), carbon fibers, Ti₃C₂ MXenes, nanoclays, and epoxy-based hybrid systems. The incorporation of these nanofillers significantly enhances electrical conductivity, thermal resistance, and mechanical robustness, enabling the development of lightweight and durable shielding materials suitable for electronics, wearable devices, and military applications. In addition, this review discusses key challenges related to processing, scalability, and environmental sustainability, as well as emerging strategies such as bio-based benzoxazine resins and low-temperature curing approaches. Overall, this review highlights the adaptability and long-term durability of benzoxazine-based systems and underscores their growing relevance as advanced shielding materials across diverse technological fields.