Locations of leisure-time physical activity and well-being in middle-aged and older women in Japan

Despite extensive research on the well-being benefits of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), the distinct roles of various LTPA locations in promoting well-being have received limited attention. This study examines how different LTPA locations contribute to LTPA frequency and perceived social capital, and how these factors are associated with life satisfaction and psychological well-being among middle-aged and older women. We collected data from a community sample of Japanese women aged 40–79 years (N = 1,413). A multiple mediation analysis revealed that LTPA at private indoor facilities, public sport facilities, and school exercise facilities was positively associated with LTPA frequency, leading to higher levels of life satisfaction and psychological well-being. Additionally, LTPA at private outdoor facilities, public sport facilities, school exercise facilities, and community centers was positively associated with perceived social capital, which, in turn, correlated with higher levels of life satisfaction and psychological well-being. These findings provide new insights into the unique roles of different LTPA locations in enhancing well-being among middle-aged and older women.