Modeling supply chain risks in Iran’s e-retailing industry in the post-COVID pandemic

The purpose of this study is to modelling supply chain risks (SCRs) in Iran’s e-retailing industry in the post-COVID pandemic. This research employed a mixed methodology. We used a systematic literature review to identify risks and items. The identified SCRs and items were categorised by 10 experts, and the hierarchical relationships among them were determined using interpretive structural modelling (ISM). The complex interrelationships between various risks were analysed with partial least squares (PLS). Ten risks had been categorised into seven hierarchical levels. The environmental risks in level 7 as the most fundamental driving risks. This is followed by legal and regulatory risks (level 6), strategic and financial risks (level 5), resource risks (level 4), outsourcing and security risks at level three, operational risks, supplier risks (level 2), and level 1 represents the buyer risks as the most dependent outcomes. This paper addresses a significant gap by moving beyond simple risk identification to model the causal and hierarchical structure of SCRs.