Advanced electroosmotic biomedical transport of hybrid nanofluids- an application of peristalsis and cilia-induced flow

This study presents a comprehensive theoretical investigation of biofluid transport relevant to biomedical engineering applications, including drug delivery, thermal regulation, and microfluidic systems. The combined effects of peristaltic motion, cilia-induced flow, and electroosmosis on an Ag–Ta/blood hybrid nanofluid, modelled as a Casson fluid, are examined in an asymmetric channel. The model incorporates an inclined magnetic field, Hall current, buoyancy force, thermal radiation, Joule heating, viscous dissipation, heat generation, and nanoparticle shape effects. Under long-wavelength and low-Reynolds-number assumptions, the governing equations are solved analytically using the homotopy perturbation method. Results show that non-spherical nanoparticles significantly enhance heat transfer, with laminar shapes improving thermal performance by 13.01%. Cilia length, magnetic field inclination, and Joule heating strongly influence velocity and temperature distributions.