Design, analysis, and optimization of a multifunctional assistive mobility device for diverse healthcare environments

OBJECTIVES: This study presents the conceptualization, design, and structural validation of a cost-effective, fully mechanical multifunctional wheelchair-cum-stretcher tailored for enhanced accessibility and ergonomic adaptability in Indian home-care and low-resource clinical settings. METHODS: The system integrates a manual transformation mechanism that transitions the seating configuration from a conventional wheelchair to a stretcher and further to a ground-level posture. The design conforms to Indian anthropometric data and national standards (IS 7454:2024, IS 2556:2024, IS 2064:1993), enabling compatibility with typical sanitary fixtures and narrow architectural spaces. Material selection was guided by hygiene requirements, strength-to-weight ratio, and manufacturability, leading to the adoption of SS304 rectangular tubing. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was conducted under load cases based on human body segment distribution to validate structural safety. RESULTS: FEA validation demonstrates robust structural performance, yielding a minimum factor of safety of 2.9 and acceptable deformation limits under specified loading conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed solution bridges critical gaps in assistive mobility technology for low-income and elderly users in resource-constrained environments, ensuring comfort, hygiene access, and robust mechanical performance without dependence on electricity or specialized components.