Pain management strategies and self-estimated costs among Spanish individuals with chronic pain

BACKGROUND: Chronic pain affects up to 20% of the population, impacting quality of life and generating substantial costs. However, the relationship between pain management strategies, their associated costs, and related factors remains poorly understood. This study aimed to explore these aspects through a survey in Spain. METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 511 people with chronic pain. The survey assessed pain characteristics, pain management strategies, satisfaction, costs, and willingness to pay. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, univariate analyses, and OLS regression models. RESULTS: Participants, predominantly women (89%) with an average age of 51, reported low back (84%) and neck pain (75%) as common pain sites. On average, 18 pain management strategies were used per person, with resting (99.8%) and prescribed medication (98%) being the most common. Higher pain intensity, longer duration, female gender, and higher education were associated with using more strategies. The average annual cost was approximately €1563, increasing with the number of strategies, income, younger age, and female gender. CONCLUSIONS: Passive strategies were widely used, potentially perpetuating pain. Despite frequent use of active strategies, promoting healthier lifestyles could improve outcomes. The high economic burden highlights the need for more effective, cost-efficient pain management approaches.