Alpha-Synuclein Dynamics in Cerebral Ischemia

Cerebral ischemia is defined by insufficient blood supply to the brain and is a leading cause of mortality and neurological disability worldwide. Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) is a protein associated with several neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease, and has also been linked to the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. This narrative review provides a detailed overview of the current understanding of α-Syn in cerebral ischemia. We examine its impact on neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuronal cell death, as well as its potential protective roles. Additionally, we explore therapeutic strategies targeting α-Syn, including pharmacological agents, gene knockdown models, and RNA-based therapies. We also discuss α-Syn expression changes in animal and human studies and its potential as a diagnostic biomarker. By clarifying the complex interplay between α-Syn and cerebral ischemia, this review aims to deepen our understanding of ischemic brain injury mechanisms and support the development of novel treatment approaches.