Advancing sustainability and efficiency in biofuel production: an innovative framework utilizing microalgae

This study introduces a resilient and sustainable framework for biodiesel production using microalgae, integrating a smart system to optimize economic and environmental goals. Addressing inefficiencies and environmental concerns in traditional systems, the proposed Smart Biodiesel Production System (SBPS) leverages a Variable Production Rate (VPR) to minimize waste, enhance energy efficiency, and produce high-purity biodiesel. The system incorporates an automated two-stage inspection process to reprocess impurities within production cycles. A multi-objective mathematical framework, optimized via Genetic Algorithm-based Pareto front analysis, validates the model’s cost-efficiency, resilience, and low environmental impact. Sensitivity analysis identifies algae purchase, inspection, and inventory holding costs as critical factors. Data sourced from literature and industry references ensures the model’s authenticity and relevance. Numerical examples, derived from real-world biodiesel data, demonstrate the SBPS’s superior efficiency over conventional systems. Analysis shows that setting up the facility makes up 45% of the overall costs, whereas the environmental impact contributes to 57% of the total environmental expenses. These insights underline the need for strategies aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), balancing economic, environmental, and social priorities. Future research should explore production uncertainties and carbon tax policies to enhance practical applications, offering valuable guidance for managers and stakeholders in the biodiesel sector.