Persistence of tourism electronic card transaction expenditure: implications for policy interventions

In this paper, we investigate the statistical characteristics of tourism electronic card transaction expenditure in New Zealand. The analysis has been disaggregated by considering 8 types of services and 15 regions. Furthermore, we have separated the analysis of persistence by domestic and international electronic card transaction expenditure. The results show substantial differences between domestic tourists and international tourists, with a mean reverting pattern observed in the former series but not in the latter ones. While short-term interventions to enhance domestic tourism electronic card transaction expenditure, long--term measures are more appropriate to boost international tourism electronic card transaction expenditure.