Optimization of rest area capacities considering driving fatigue: a resting behavior model approach

Driving on expressways often requires extended travel durations, necessitating rest areas to mitigate driver fatigue. Observational reports in Japan reveal an uneven utilization of these facilities, with stopovers concentrated at specific rest areas. This study aimed to examine factors influencing resting behavior and to optimize rest area usage. A survey collected 1098 valid data points on drivers’ stopover patterns. A model was developed based on the hypothesis that resting behavior depends on the service quality at rest areas and the fatigue accumulated during continuous driving. The model successfully replicated key behavioral patterns, including driving duration before stopping and rest area selection. Using this model, parking spaces at rest areas were reallocated to better align with drivers’ fatigue conditions. Results indicated that this optimization approach could improve the overall occupancy rate of rest areas, enhancing their utilization efficiency and ultimately contributing to safer and more sustainable expressway travel.