Lightweight concrete and sustainability: materials, performance and environmental benefits

Lightweight concrete (LC) has emerged as a key material in the modern construction industry due to its distinctive combination of improved acoustic and thermal insulation, low density and enhanced sustainability. These unique properties of LC not only facilitate ease of handling and installation but also improve structural efficiency across a variety of applications. This paper delves into the properties, types and applications of LC and examines how the higher porosity of LC affects its mechanical strength, durability and workability and provides insights into optimal mix designs. Various studies on key types of LC, including foamed concrete, no-fines concrete, aerated concrete and lightweight aggregate concrete, were examined. Recent advancements in LC technology highlight innovative mix designs that optimise both performance and sustainability. Therefore, the paper explores the role of LC in innovative construction techniques such as 3D printing and nanotechnology utilisation and highlights their potential for creating cost-effective and eco-friendly structures. This research also underscores the critical role of LC’s capabilities and offers a comprehensive understanding of its limitations and prospects. The current study concludes by discussing the challenges and opportunities in optimising LC for high-performance structures and its role in modern construction practices aimed at reducing material consumption.