Research on societal risk acceptance criteria and risk maps for major ship types worldwide

Ship safety has always been a focus in the international shipping community. The marine casualty accident data from 2005 to 2024, recorded in the Global Integrated Shipping Information System (GISIS), are analysed in detail to study the societal risk levels of fatality and injury accident hot spot zones. Based on the as low as reasonably possible (ALARP) principle, the F–N curve method was used to establish the societal risk acceptance criteria for major global ship types. On this basis, the societal risk levels in different geographical areas were determined, and risk maps were drawn. The results indicate that the societal risk levels of casualty accidents of bulk carriers, container ships, general cargo ships, and oil and chemical tankers in East & Southeast Asia are unacceptable, and those of Ro-Ro and general cargo ships in Europe, the Mediterranean & Black Sea are also unacceptable. The societal risk levels of passenger ship fatality accidents in East & Southeast Asia, Africa, and South Asia, and passenger ship injury accidents in Europe, the Mediterranean & Black Sea, and East & Southeast Asia are unacceptable.