Organizational climate patterns and employee outcomes in urban tourism hotels

Five-star hotels represent critical infrastructure components within urban tourism systems, serving as anchor institutions that significantly influence destination competitiveness and visitor experiences in tourism cities. The organisational climate within these establishments directly shapes employee behaviours and attitudes, which in turn affect service quality and destination reputation. This study aimed to identify patterns of organisational climate perceptions among employees in five-star hotels located in major Turkish tourism cities and examine their relationship with innovative work behaviour, job satisfaction, and job performance. Using latent class analysis, a person-centred approach, data were collected from 412 employees across 14 five-star hotels in urban tourism destinations throughout Turkey. Results revealed four distinct organisational climate classes: ‘Flourishing Climate’ (27.9%), characterised by high ratings across all climate dimensions; ‘Supportive-Controlled Climate’ (31.3%), featuring high interpersonal support but limited autonomy; ‘Autonomous-Pressured Climate’ (22.6%), offering high autonomy within a less supportive environment; and ‘Constraining Climate’ (18.2%), showing consistently low ratings across all dimensions. These classes were significantly associated with demographic characteristics including gender, education level, age, and income. The ‘Flourishing Climate’ class demonstrated the highest levels of innovative work behaviour and job satisfaction, while both the ‘Flourishing Climate’ and ‘Autonomous-Pressured Climate’ classes reported similarly high job performance. Emotional labour and organisational culture perceptions also differed significantly across classes. This study advances urban tourism research by providing the first person-centred analysis of how hotel employee subgroups experience organisational climate in tourism city contexts, revealing differentiated patterns that have implications for human resource strategies in competitive urban destinations.