Social–Behavioral Determinants of Sustainable Community-Based Tourism Business Management: An Integrated Structural Equation Approach

Despite a decent global recognition as the engines for rural community development, over 50% of community-based tourism businesses (CBTBs) fail within a decade of operation due to fragmented literature on the behavioral determinants. The gap exists in host–visitor interdependence that demands an integrated behavioral model. This study aims to validate a novel co-production framework by integrating host–visitor interactions using a multi-group structural equation-modeling framework supported by confirmatory factor analysis, reliability and validity tests, and corrective procedures for common methodological bias on the cross-sectional survey data of 532 respondents, including CBTB operators and the destination visitors. Findings reveal that the integrated framework for CBTB management is statistically significant in predicting sustainable outcomes. This study contributes to the academic literature by adding theoretically grounded and empirically validated dual behavioral model to understand the dual behavioral determinants of CBTB management and offers actionable policy inputs for sustainable community-based tourism development.