Application of artificial intelligence technology in 3D concrete printing quality inspection and control: a state-of-the-art review

3D concrete printing (3DCP) has emerged as a groundbreaking technology in construction industry, enabling rapid fabrication of complex structures with reduced formwork requirements and improved efficiency. Despite these advantages, ensuring consistent print quality remains a major challenge due to the intricate interplay between material properties, printing parameters, and structural performance. To address this, this paper introduces key factors influencing quality of 3DCP, including rheological and printing parameters, thereby establishing a foundation for comprehensive quality control. Recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI)—including point cloud analysis, deep learning, algorithmic optimization—offer promising solutions to these challenges. By integrating AI into quality control processes, such as real-time monitoring of material flow and adaptive adjustment of printing parameters, 3DCP can achieve enhanced accuracy, reduced defects and optimized print paths. This intelligent integration not only addresses current quality control limitations but also paves the way for wider adoption and smarter evolution of 3DCP in modern construction.