In situ TEM study of WO 3 structural and phase evolution in carbothermal reduction
Abstract
Understanding the transformation pathways of WO3 during carbothermal reduction (CTR) is crucial for tailoring the properties of tungsten-based nanopowders. In this study, the dynamic structural and phase evolution of WO3 during CTR was investigated using in situ heating transmission electron microscopy. Three distinct pathways were identified: oriented growth into W18O49 followed by reduction to W, direct reduction to W, and vapor-phase nucleation forming β-W and α-W. These pathways exhibit markedly different nucleation and growth mechanisms, critically influencing the final morphology and phase composition of the products.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Advanced materials and composites
Transition Metal Oxide Nanomaterials
Fusion materials and technologies
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Materials Research Letters
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 169–175
- Publication date
- 5 January 2026
- Language
- EN