An analysis of neglected and underutilised species integration in UK alternative food networks: a case study of Dorset

The global food system remains critically vulnerable due to an over-dependency on a narrow range of 12 staple crops and 5 livestock breeds. This limited diversity increases exposure to climate shocks, biodiversity loss, and dietary restrictions. Moving beyond paradigms of sustainable intensification, this study explores the potential of neglected and underutilized species (NUS) to foster diversification and resilience. Utilizing a qualitative case study approach in Dorset, UK, data were collected through semi-structured interviews and a photographic inventory exercise with 11 food system actors. Findings reveal strong intrinsic motivations among actors driven by wellbeing and ecological stewardship; however, NUS integration is significantly hindered by regulatory barriers, risk perception, and rigid definitions of “legitimate” food. Wild venison is highlighted as an exemplar capable of supporting nutritional security, ecosystem services, and local livelihoods, aligning with UN SDGs 1, 2, 13, and 15. The findings highlight that unlocking the potential of NUS requires systemic interventions in policy, infrastructure, and knowledge systems rather than individual behavior change alone, offering a vital pathway for food sovereignty and biodiversity conservation.