Impact of essential oils on GABAergic receptors for anxiety and depression control: A systematic review

Essential oils (EOs) show therapeutic potential for managing anxiety and depression through interactions with the GABAergic system, which is crucial for neuronal excitability regulation. Conducted and reported in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review synthesized evidence on EOs’ effects on GABAergic receptors and their role in anxiolytic and antidepressant activities. Preclinical studies in animal models demonstrate that EOs and their bioactive constituents modulate GABA-A receptor activity, with specific antagonists inhibiting these effects, supporting the involvement of GABAergic modulation in their therapeutic effects. The efficacy and pharmacodynamics of EOs vary significantly depending on their chemical composition, dosage, and administration route, and they may also interact with other neurotransmitter systems, including serotonergic pathways. Although current evidence is promising, further clinical trials are crucial to confirm the safety and effectiveness of EOs in therapeutic contexts and to clarify underlying molecular mechanisms, thereby supporting their use as adjunctive therapies in managing anxiety and depression.