Numerical study of aerodynamic noise induced by high-speed trains passing through underground stations

Aerodynamic noise from high-speed trains passing underground stations significantly affects the platform environment. This study investigates its generation mechanism and spatial distribution. An improved delayed detached-eddy simulation (IDDES) method captures the transient flow structures. Aerodynamic noise sources are predicted using the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation, followed by far-field propagation via ray acoustics methods (RAM). Results indicate that the dominant frequencies of train components remain consistent across different operating stages. While train entry into the enlarged cross-section does not alter the distribution of surface sound pressure levels (SPLs), the overall source intensity significantly decreases. Train’s surface aerodynamic sources are the primary contributors to platform noise, with the maximum SPL reaching 77.9 dBA. The contribution of the train body (including head, middle, and tail cars) to platform noise ranges from 11.9% to 13.2%, making it the dominant source. Platform noise exhibits no dominant frequency, with its energy primarily concentrated below 1 kHz.