From orientation to outcomes: a bibliometric–systematic review of green (and sustainable) entrepreneurial orientation (2000–2025)

Green and sustainable entrepreneurial orientation has become a key lens for explaining how firms, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, pursue sustainability while remaining competitive under ecological and institutional pressures. This review clarifies how green and sustainable entrepreneurial orientation relate to green innovation and multi-dimensional performance, and how these relationships evolved from 2000 to 2025. A bibliometric–systematic literature review was conducted using Scopus-indexed journal articles. Study selection followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidance, and bibliometric mapping was implemented in VOSviewer using keyword co-occurrence and document bibliographic coupling. The results show rapid growth after 2022 and a thematic shift from construct framing toward capability-based mechanisms. Four clusters dominate the field: sustainability and performance in resource-constrained contexts; innovation-mediated effects; emerging-economy and micro-level contingencies; and supply-chain and intellectual capital pathways. Across clusters, evidence converges on an orientation–capabilities and routines–green innovation–environmental and financial performance chain. Knowledge processes, resource orchestration, and supply-chain integration recur as the most salient conduits, while digital capability and institutional pressure shape boundary conditions. The review contributes a time-aware integrative framework and identifies priorities for harmonized measurement, longitudinal designs, and mixed-method evidence to improve causal inference and make managerial implications actionable.