Social and spatial variables of older adults’ winter outdoor engagement

This study examines the effect of winter conditions on the engagement of older adults with outdoor spaces in Erzurum, Türkiye – a city renowned for its long, harsh winters. The research is based on a quantitative survey conducted with 453 individuals aged 65 and above, using a face-to-face questionnaire from November 2023 to December 2023, to identify the factors influencing their decisions to avoid outdoor activities during the colder months. Using a binomial logistic regression model implemented in JAMOVI software, the study analyses the role of various social and spatial variables. The findings indicate that several factors significantly reduce the likelihood of avoiding outdoor spaces. These factors include access to healthcare services, perceived social respect, the availability of accessible parks, and awareness of local events and activities. In contrast, perceived age discrimination and insufficient access to reliable health information are associated with a higher probability of avoiding outdoor engagement. The model highlights the complex and multidimensional nature of mobility behaviour among older adults. Overall, the results imply that age-friendly urban policies must prioritise healthcare access, inclusive social environments, and accessible infrastructure to foster outdoor activity, particularly in cold climate regions.