From networks to performance: A moderated-mediation model linking social networking to organizational agility in Pakistani SMEs

Organizational agility is vital for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in dynamic and resource-constrained environments such as Pakistan, where traditional development pathways are limited, and resources are often scarce. Despite its importance, the mechanisms through which social networking enhances agility remain underexplored. This article is grounded in social capital theory to propose and test a dual-path model that investigates the influence of digital social networking platforms on organizational agility, through the mediating role of knowledge sharing and the moderating effects of digital literacy and motivation drive. Survey data were collected from 350 Pakistani SMEs, which yielded 590 complete responses using a structural survey, and the hypothesized relationships were analyzed through structural equation modeling. The results reveal that digital social networking platforms significantly promote knowledge sharing, which in turn enhances organizational agility. Moreover, motivation drive and digital literacy act as positive moderators amplifying these effects. The study contributes to the literature by empirically validating the interplay between social networking and organizational agility in emerging markets and by highlighting the importance of digital competence and motivational factors. The findings provide actionable insights for SME managers and policy makers seeking to strengthen adaptability, innovation, and competitiveness in rapidly changing business environments.