Understanding Autonomy Through Space: A Thematic Analysis of Older Adults’ Experience of Nursing Home Architecture

This study investigates how nursing home architecture shapes older adults’ experience of autonomy. Using thematic analysis of interviews and observations across six nursing homes in Tehran, Iran, it examines how spatial features facilitate or create obstacles to residents’ autonomy. Three key themes emerged: (1) accessibility and freedom of movement, (2) resident-directed sensory and environmental settings, and (3) home-like design and environmental personalization. The findings reveal that while safety concerns often restrict autonomy, thoughtful design can enhance residents’ agency. By integrating spatial and personal perspectives, this research offers a holistic understanding of autonomy in long-term care, emphasizing the vital role of the built environment in supporting older adults’ daily lives.