D2M (design-to-manufacturing) by integrating digital twins and large language models: conceptual framework

The rapid growth of digital technologies and artificial intelligence has made digital twins (DTs) and large language models (LLMs) core tools in smart manufacturing. This paper presents a review of DT-LLM integration in manufacturing systems. The review examines key technologies, methods, and application of DT-LLM in the manufacturing industry. The analysis of the reviewed paper identifies promising research area that bridge customised and even personalised demands with flexible production systems. Inspired by this, a novel concept termed Design-to-Manufacturing (D2M) is introduced. Furthermore, a conceptual DT-LLM-enabled D2M framework is proposed to demonstrate how the integration of DT and LLM can revolutionise the traditional design-to-manufacturing process. This framework incorporates digital twin data, generative design, human-AI augmented decision-making, and flexible human-robot collaborative manufacturing system. This paper offers valuable insights into a new manufacturing paradigm designed to meet the rising demand for personalised products.