From waste to growth: unveiling the untapped potential of biochar in aquafeeds

The application of biochar in aquafeeds has gained considerable attention in recent years, driven by promising results in livestock nutrition, such as improved feed efficiency, growth performance, and overall health. This mini-review aims to explore the emerging role of biochar as a cost-competitive additive in aquafeeds, highlighting its potential to enhance sustainability and productivity in the aquaculture sector. While research is still in the early stages, preliminary studies suggest that biochar supplementation can improve growth rates, survival, nutrient utilization, and feed digestibility across various fish species, particularly those at mid to low trophic levels (1 to 3, on a scale of 1 to 5). The review discusses the beneficial effects of dietary biochar on production performance, focusing on feedstock type, inclusion levels, feed incorporation methods, and the potential mechanisms by which biochar influences overall productivity. Additionally, the review addresses challenges related to biochar’s safety and the potential long-term effects of specific feedstocks on aquatic animal health, while emphasizing the need for further research to optimize its effectiveness across diverse species, including carnivorous fish and shrimp. Ultimately, the review highlights the importance of advancing research to fully understand biochar’s potential as a sustainable and functional feed additive in aquaculture.