GPS-Synchronized Monitoring of Core-Collapse Supernova Bursts with PandaX-4T via Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering

Abstract The landmark detection of neutrinos from SN1987A marked the dawn of neutrino astrophysics. The neutrino burst provided essential insights into fundamental properties of neutrinos and served as key probes of stellar evolution and supernova dynamics. The recent advancement in coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering enables the detection of core-collapse supernova burst neutrinos using tonne-scale liquid xenon detectors originally designed for dark matter direct detection. Leveraging this capability, we developed and deployed an online supernova monitoring system for the PandaX-4T experiment. This system features a GPS module with millisecond-level timing precision, a low false-alarm rate, and high sensitivity to galactic core-collapse supernova explosion events. The methodology is robust, directly scalable, and planned for implementation in the next-generation PandaX-20T experiment.