Window quantities for the hadronic vacuum polarization contributions to the muon anomalous magnetic moment in spacelike and timelike domains

Abstract The relations between the window quantities for the hadronic vacuum polarization contributions to the muon anomalous magnetic moment a μ HVP in spacelike and timelike domains are studied. Two types of window functions (abrupt and smooth) as well as two kinds of kinematic intervals (symmetric and asymmetric with respect to the spacelike/timelike flip) are addressed. It is shown that the window quantities for a μ HVP represented in terms of the hadronic vacuum polarization function Π ¯ ( Q 2 ) , the Adler function D ( Q 2 ), and the R -ratio of electron–positron annihilation into hadrons are mutually equivalent only if the additional contributions due to the window edge effects are properly taken into account and the explicit expressions for such contributions are derived. The obtained results enable one to evaluate a μ HVP by making simultaneous use of the inputs for functions Π ¯ ( Q 2 ) , D ( Q 2 ), and R ( s ) at various energies and an example of such hybrid assessment is provided. The obtained results also enable one to accurately compare the window quantities for a μ HVP based, e.g. on MUonE or lattice data with the ones based on R -ratio data, even if the window function covers different kinematic ranges in spacelike and timelike domains.