The impact of nuclear disaster experiences on perception of spatial stigma: a study of Fukushima residents at 13 years after the nuclear accident

Thirteen years after the Fukushima nuclear accident, Fukushima Prefecture still faces major challenges in recovery, especially concerning the negative image. Perception of spatial stigma refers to the residents' concerns about the negative image of their region and its residents as perceived by the public. The present study aims to clarify the perception of spatial stigma and its associated factors among residents. A questionnaire survey was conducted among local residents from December 2023 to January 2024 in Tomioka, Okuma, and Futaba towns. Statistical analysis was done using the chi-square test and logistic regression. 68.7% of participants expressed a strong perception of spatial stigma. Perception of spatial stigma was independently correlated with living in the FDNPP location, high radiation health risk perception, anxiety about treated water release, uncertainty of returning, and poor mental health. Actively addressing the stigma of Fukushima through targeted countermeasures is crucial for alleviating residents' perception of spatial stigma. These efforts are vital for fostering recovery and achieving comprehensive revitalisation of Fukushima Prefecture.