Late-time asymptotics of small data solutions for the Vlasov–Poisson system

Abstract In this paper, we study the precise high order late-time asymptotic behaviour of small data solutions for the Vlasov–Poisson system in dimension three. First, we show that the spatial density and the force field satisfy asymptotic self-similar polyhomogeneous expansions. Moreover, we obtain an enhanced modified scattering result for this non-linear system. We show that the distribution function converges, with an arbitrary rate, to a regular distribution function along high order modifications to the characteristics of the linearised problem. We exploit a hierarchy of asymptotic conservation laws for the distribution function. As an application, we show late-time tails for the spatial density and the force field, where the coefficients in the tails are obtained in terms of the scattering state. Finally, we prove that the distribution function (up to normalisation) converges weakly to a Dirac mass on the zero velocity set.