Enhance power generation of PV array under partial shading conditions by a Lo Shu and optimal SuDoKu puzzle fusion topology

Abstract A novel Lo Shu and Optimal SuDoKu Puzzle Fusion Topology (LS-OSDKP) is presented to disperse shading effects and enhance photovoltaic (PV) array output power under partial shading conditions (PSCs). Incorporating the ancient Chinese Lo Shu magic square puzzle and the Optimal SDKP topologies, the proposed LS-OSDKP is capable of alleviating current mismatch losses, decreasing wiring loss, simplifying the P-V curves of the array, and significantly improving shading dispersion. Under seven PSCs, the performance of the proposed topology was evaluated using a 9 × 9 PV array and compared to the total-cross-tied (TCT), Twisted Two-Step, SDKP, Optimal SDKP, and Lo Shu topologies. Simulation and evaluation results confirmed that the proposed method could extract the highest averaged power of the PV array among the six topologies, with a 9.13%/8.67% power improvement when compared to the TCT. Additionally, the LS-OSDKP is capable of effectively reducing the wiring length by 29.09% compared to the Lo Shu. Moreover, the proposed method has the highest potential for energy savings and revenue generation. Compared to the conventional TCT configuration, it could improve extracted energy by approximately 9.58% and shorten payback time by approximately 9.06%. Consequently, the advantages of the proposed LS-OSDKP topology include an increase in extracted power, a reduction in wiring loss, and a shorter energy payback period.