Development of high-performance graphene–polyamide nanocomposite-based substrates using direct laser-assisted technique for flexible electronics

Abstract The growing demand for graphene and its composites in electronics, energy storage, and structural engineering emphasizes the importance of scalable production strategies. In this work, we present a laser-assisted spray technique for integrating graphene onto polyamide surfaces, with loadings varying between 1 and 3 wt.%. During the deposition, graphene nanosheets infused and settled as solid building units, while a photo-curable resin served as a catalytic template for layered growth. The simultaneous laser exposure and spraying yielded graphene with high crystallinity, low defects (I D /I G = ~0.5), retaining a hexagonal carbon arrangement and uniform structural layers. The infused graphene enables significant enhancements in elastic modulus (∼2000 MPa) over pristine polyamide and notably enhanced in electrical conductivity, improved hydrophobicity (WCA=~74.5°), and superior corrosion resistance (I corr = ~7.5 μA cm −2 ) etc The key improvements are attributed to the infusion of graphene, preserving its honeycomb lattice, adapting twisted architectures involved in multifunctional activities. Overall, these findings demonstrate the laser-assisted spray approach as an effective, scalable and cost-efficient fabricating route for flexible electronics.