Quantum memory devices -fabrication, characterizations, and material platforms: a review

Abstract Quantum memory devices are essential components of integrated quantum-photonic circuits with applications in quantum computing and quantum information processing. The comprehension and quantification of critical properties such as fidelity, coherence time, storage time, and efficiency of quantum memory are insufficient in the extant literature. In this review, we examine the development and characteristics of various types of quantum memories. Although diverse approaches to storing quantum information are described in detail, we emphasize solid-state quantum memory. Furthermore, we discuss the fabrication and characterization of defects of quantum materials, including two-dimensional materials, for quantum memory applications. We survey theoretical tools such as density functional theory for studying defects to evaluate quantum properties.