Effects of Winkler–Pasternak foundation and porosity on size-dependent stability and free vibration analysis of graphene reinforced functionally graded nano-arches sandwiched with piezoelectric layers

Abstract The buckling and free vibration analysis of porous nano-arches made of functionally graded graphene platelets-reinforced composites that are enveloped in piezoelectric layers (FGP-GPLs) are examined in this paper. This study investigates for the first time how the performance of FGP-GPLs composite nano-arches is impacted by the piezoelectric and flexoelectric effects. The Halpin-Tsai micromechanical model and the law of mixture are used to determine the effective material parameters of the composite layer. The governing differential equations are turned into algebraic equations by making use of the Navier’s method. Lastly, the impacts of different parameters on the stability and free vibration of FGP-GPLs nano-arches sandwiched with piezoelectric layers are comprehensively examined in this work. These characteristics include the piezoelectric and flexoelectric effects, the porosity, elastic foundation, the opening angle of the curved beam, and the distribution patterns and weight fractions of GPLs. Simulations show that a stiffness-hardening process is present in the flexoelectricity.