Anomalous diffusion in convergence to effective ergodicity

Abstract The nature of diffusion is usually studied for particles or time-evolving systems. Similar in principle, such studies can be conducted by tracking how a given function of observable properties evolves over time-akin to the evolution of observable functions-referred to as functional-diffusion . This is not the same as the system’s individual trajectories, but can be regarded as a meta-trajectory. Following this idea, we measure how the approach to ergodicity evolves over time for the observed magnetization of a full Ising model with an external field. We compute the diffusive behavior of the functional across a range of temperatures via Metropolis and Glauber single-spin-flip dynamics. The system’s ensemble-averaged dynamics are computed using expressions from the exact solution. Power-law behavior in the approach to ergodicity provides a classification of anomalies in functional-diffusion , demonstrating nonlinear anomalous behavior over different temperature and field ranges. Studying the ergodicity convergence of these meta-trajectories can help validate and enhance the pedagogical understanding of nonequilibrium thermodynamic systems.