Extending CSST Emulator to post-DESI era

Abstract The recent DESI BAO measurements have revealed a potential deviation from a cosmological constant, suggesting a dynamic nature of dark energy. To rigorously test this result, complementary probes such as weak gravitational lensing are crucial, demanding highly accurate and efficient predictions of the nonlinear matter power spectrum within the w 0 w a CDM framework. However, most existing emulators fail to cover the full parameter posterior from DESI DR2+CMB constraints in the w 0 - w a plane. In this work, we extend the spectral equivalence method outlined in Casarini et al. 2016 JCAP 08 (2016) 008 to use auxiliary w 0 w a CDM models for approximating the power spectrum of a target w 0 w a CDM cosmology, moving beyond the previous use of wCDM auxiliaries. Incorporating this enhanced module, the extended CSST Emulator achieves a prediction accuracy of ≤ 1% over the 1 σ confidence region from DESI DR2+CMB constraints for z ≤ 3, with a mild degradation in accuracy outside this posterior region. This performance is rigorously validated by additional simulations of dynamic dark energy cosmologies. The emulator's applicable parameter space has been generalized to fully encompass the 2 σ region, greatly enhancing its utility for cosmological analysis in the post-DESI era.