Numerical Simulation and Experimental Validation of 3D Hydrofoil Cavitation with a Lattice Boltzmann SC-CS Coupled Model

Abstract Hydrodynamic cavitation poses a significant challenge to the durability and performance of hydraulic machinery, such as hydrofoils, necessitating high-fidelity predictive models. This study addresses the critical need for accurately simulating three-dimensional cavitation dynamics in complex flows. We develop a novel 3D multiphase model (SC-CS) by integrating the Shan-Chen pseudopotential method with the Carnahan-Starling equation of state within the Lattice Boltzmann framework. This coupled approach successfully captures the complete lifecycle of both heterogeneous and homogeneous cavitation, including inception, development, and collapse around a hydrofoil. To validate the numerical model, experimental investigations were conducted in a high-speed water tunnel using high-speed photography, providing empirical evidence for the simulated cavitation behavior. The SC-CS model demonstrates an exceptional capability for handling high density ratios, providing a robust mesoscopic tool for fundamental cavitation research and engineering design optimization.