Multi-objective collaborative optimization of low carbon, safety, and economy in biomass co-firing with coal power

Abstract Against the background of the low-carbon transformation of coal-fired power, biomass-coal co-firing has become an important approach to achieve low-carbonization. To formulate reasonable co-firing schemes, this study, based on the combustion characteristics of biomass and coal, proposes for the first time a Comprehensive Performance Index (CPI) model for biomass-coal co-firing to evaluate combustion safety, establishes a low-carbon index (L) based on CO 2 emissions, and develops an economic evaluation model for biomass-coal co-firing according to fuel costs. Furthermore, a multi-objective decision-making framework is constructed around low-carbon performance, safety, and economy, and the NSGA-II algorithm is employed to solve for the Pareto optimal solution set. Finally, the validity of the model is verified using data from typical units in Shaanxi. The results show that this model can effectively address the issue of biomass co-firing in coal-fired power units during the low-carbon transformation, providing a reference for the formulation of biomass-coal co-firing schemes and the selection of biomass.