Evaluation of Wavelength Efficiency for Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Measurement in Transmission Mode

Abstract Non-invasive blood glucose monitoring offers a safer and more comfortable alternative to conventional invasive methods. By eliminating the need for skin puncture, it removes the associated risks of pain and potential infection. In this study, the performance of glucose prediction using the transmission method. The evaluation is conducted at three wavelengths including 660 nm, 780 nm, and 940 nm. Optical signals transmitted through the fingertip are processed to estimate blood glucose levels and validated against reference measurements. Model performance is assessed using Mean Absolute Percentage Error, the Clarke Error Grid analysis, ISO 15197:2015 and FDA standards. Among the wavelengths, the 940 nm wavelength achieves the best performance, with MAPE = 6.304% and all measurements fall within Zone A of the CEG. The 660 nm and 780 nm wavelengths have a lower accuracy, with MAPE values of 6.671% and 6.396%, respectively. Based on these results, the selection of appropriate wavelength is crucial to improving the accuracy and reliability of non-invasive glucose monitoring systems.