Analysis of the Influence of Pyrolysis Temperature and Biomass Weight on the Yield and Quality of Bio-oil From Rice Husk

Abstract Energy demand in Indonesia is increasing with the growing population, but it is not matched by adequate energy availability. The use of fossil energy causes negative impacts such as global warming and pollution. Therefore, environmentally friendly alternative energy sources are needed. Rice husk biomass, as one of the abundant renewable energy sources in Indonesia, has great potential as a raw material for alternative energy. This study aims to convert rice husk biomass into bio-oil using the pyrolysis method and analyze the resulting bio-oil. The methods used are experimental and comparative. At 500°C, the bio-oil yield is higher compared to 600°C for all biomass weights tested. The average yield at 500°C reached 34.7% for 500 grams, 33.5% for 1000 grams, and 32.7% for 1500 grams. At 600°C, the yield decreased to 31.3% for 500 grams, 32.3% for 1000 grams, and 30.9% for 1500 grams. This decrease indicates that higher temperatures reduce the efficiency of bio-oil production due to secondary reactions such as thermal cracking. The density and viscosity of bio-oil also decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. The density at 500°C was 1.389 g/ml, while at 600°C it decreased to 1.334 g/ml. Viscosity dropped from 1.310 cP to 1.229 cP, indicating that the bio-oil became more fluid at higher temperatures.