Preface

VEIT’25 TWENTY-FOURTH INTERNATIONAL SUMMER SCHOOL ON VACUUM, ELECTRON AND ION TECHNOLOGIES 15 - 19 September 2025, Sozopol, Bulgaria The International Summer School on Vacuum, Electron and Ion Technologies (VEIT) has been organized biennially since 1978, when the series of VEIT Schools was launched by the Institute of Electronics of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Its aim has been to serve as a forum for the exchange and dissemination of knowledge and ideas on the latest developments in electron-, ion-, and plasma-assisted technologies. The organizers of the 2025 edition were the Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria, and the Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. The School is a major scientific event and a meeting place for young scientists involved in research and development associated with high-tech industries. The School Proceedings have been published in special issues of the international journals Vacuum, Plasma Processes and Polymers , and Journal of Physics: Conference Series. The twenty-fourth edition of VEIT was held in the Black Sea resort of Sozopol, Bulgaria, from 15 to 19 September 2025. It was attended by 112 participants, including 33 students and young researchers, from 11 countries across two continents: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, France, Japan, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine, and the UK. The School program covered a broad spectrum of fundamental problems in nanotechnologies, the interaction of charged particles with solid surfaces, and the deposition and characterization of thin films. These topics were complemented by reports on a wide range of high-technology applications, from equipment for the deposition of hard coatings or thin optical/protective films to nanostructures prepared via evaporation, sputtering, or irradiation. According to their subjects, the lectures and reports were grouped into three sessions for presentation and discussion, each including oral presentations in plenary sessions and poster contributions. List of Chairs of the school, International Advisory Committee, Local Organizing Committee, Invited Speakers and Participants are available in this PDF.